Basic structure and working principle of hybrid stepping motor

Hybrid stepping refers to the combination of the advantages of permanent magnet type and reactive type. First, the structure of the linear stepping motor is introduced, and then the basic principle and working principle of the hybrid stepping motor, as well as its advantages and applications, are introduced.

Introduction to Hybrid Stepping Motor:

There are three types of hybrid stepping motors: permanent magnet (PM), reactive (VR) and hybrid (HB). Reactive stepping motors are generally two-phase, with small torque and volume; permanent magnet stepping motors are generally three-phase, which can achieve large torque output; hybrid stepping motors combine reactive and permanent magnet stepping The advantages of the two motors: the number of pole pairs is equal to the number of rotor teeth, which can be changed in a large range according to the needs; the winding inductance changes little with the rotor position, which is easy to achieve optimal operation control.

Structure diagram of hybrid stepping motor:

The hybrid stepper motor has no obvious oscillation in the entire operating area.

Basic principle of hybrid stepping motor:

Before understanding the working principle of hybrid stepping motors, we first understand the characteristics of reactive and permanent magnet stepping motors. The reactive stepping motor is usually two-phase, its torque and volume are relatively small, and the step angle is 7.5 degrees or 1.5 degrees; the permanent magnet stepping motor is normally three-phase, It can achieve large torque output, and the step angle is generally 1.5 degrees. The biggest flaw is that the noise and vibration are very large, so it has already been eliminated in many developed countries; the hybrid stepper motor, as the name suggests, is a hybrid of the characteristics of a permanent magnet stepper motor and a reactive stepper motor. Hybrid stepping motors can be divided into two-phase, three-phase, and five-phase. The two-phase step angle is generally 1.8 degrees and the five-phase step angle is generally 0.72 degrees. With the increase of the number of phases (the number of energized windings), the step angle decreases and the accuracy improves, so the hybrid stepping motor Because of its advantages, advanced motors are most widely used in various fields.

Advantages of hybrid stepping motors:

① High resolution (generally more with 1.8° step angle) and widely used.

②The turn is huge.

③Compared with multi-phase hybrid stepping motor. There are many driving power tubes, but the price is cheap.

Mainly used in digital control systems, with high precision, reliable operation and precise positioning. If position detection and speed feedback are used, closed-loop control can also be realized. Hybrid stepping motors have been widely used in digital control systems, such as digital-to-analog converters, CNC machine tools, computer peripherals, automatic recorders, clocks, etc., and also in industrial automation production lines, printing equipment and other industries application.